Constitution of yugoslavia 1963 wikisource, the free. There have been a series of struggles for independence during the 1990s in the area once covered by the country of yugoslavia. Constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 21 feb 1974 author. Its creation was based on the principle of bratstvo i jedinstvo jenkins and sofos,1996,p. According to the constitution, serbia was not a sovereign negotiating party like the other republics because of the sovereignty of its two au. The socialist federal republic of yugoslavia was an original member of the united nations until its dissolution following the establishment and subsequent admission as new members of bosnia and herzegovina, the republic of croatia, the republic of. Constitution of yugoslavia 1963 wikisource, the free online library. Yugoslavias 1974 constitution is a perfect example of this paradox. The legacy of the constitution of 1974 was used to throw the system of decisionmaking into a state of paralysis, made all the more hopeless as the conflict of interests had become irreconcilable. Washington national records center, rg 330, records of the secretary of defense, osdisa files. Constitution of the republic of serbia official gazette of the rs. The constitution was promulgated at the session of the council of nationalities of the federal assembly. Constitution of yugoslavia 1974 wikisource, the free. If the republican constitution is at variance with the constitution of yugoslavia, the constitution of yugoslavia shall be binding.
Ii the origins of kosovarserb antagonism 7 iii modern kosovo 10 a. Within a year the federal system will no longer exist. In this plan, the serbian provinces of vojvodina and kosovo would be completely. Serbian nationalism and the origins of the yugoslav crisis. Constitutional status of autonomous provinces under the 1974 sfry. Serbian academy of arts and sciences sanu memorandum 1986 the president of sanu at this time was dobrica cosic there is deep concern in yugoslavia because of stagnating social development, economic difficulties, growing social tensions, and open interethnic clashes. Constitution of the republic of serbia official gazette of the rs no.
Yugoslavia, had the right todetermination self, the commission concluded on 11 january 1992 that. The beginning of the end of federal yugoslavia the carl beck. The rise and fall of yugoslavia in the last century, one nation achieved an incredible rise to power and devastating collapse in the span of mere decades. The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia, february 21, 1974. The rise and fall of yugoslavia portland state university. Constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia of 1974, brought republic status for kosovo in all but name weller, 2009, p. Serbian academy of arts and sciences sanu memorandum. Yugoslav constitution 1974 contains certain direct provisions on education that are applicable thoughout yugoslavia.
We will never know, but the structure it had under titos yugoslav constitution of 1974 laid the groundwork for conflict and separation. This article analyzes legal positions regarding kosovos declaration of independence and examines the significance of international involvement in the process of state creation. However, if the constitution contains only a general reference to territorial integrity, we consider the issue to be not specified in the constitution. It came into effect on 21 february 1974 with 406 original articles, the 1974 constitution was one of the longest constitutions in the world. With 406 original articles, the 1974 constitution was one of the longest constitutions in the world. Titos death and the rise of the nationalist movements posttito serbias response to the unravelling process of yugoslavia was a.
Key judgments the old yugoslav federation is coming to an end because the reservoir of political will holding yugoslavia together is gone. With the passing of the yugoslav constitution in 1974, kosovo gained the status of a socialist autonomous province within serbia. Memorandum of conversation, washington, june 25, 1974, 2. The constitutional crisis that inevitably followed resulted in a rise of. The changes are based on an endorsement by serbias assembly of a working group report that found the 1974 yugoslav constitution was unconstitutional in allowing the socialist autonomous provinces of kosovo and vojvodina to block amendments to the serb constitution and that the 1974 constitution. After titos death on 4 may 1980, ethnic tensions grew in yugoslavia. Essentially, titos death marked the end of the last vestiges of a strong central government in yugoslavia.
Create a book download as pdf download as epub download as mobi choose format printable version. The 1974 yugoslav constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the socialist federal. Socialist federal republic of yugoslavia hereinafter. Chronology kingdom of serbs, croats and slovenes 1921 vidovdan constitution kingdom of yugoslavia 1929 1931 yugoslav constitution federal peoples republic of yugoslavia 1946 yugoslav constitution 1953 yugoslav constitution socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 1963 yugoslav constitution.
If republican law is not in accord with federal law, federal law shall be binding, pending the decision of the constitutional court of yugoslavia. International legal responses to kosovos declaration of. Kosovo after the collapse of the former yugoslavia d. The 1974 constitution ushered in a period of economic growth but it left the serbs, one of the two founding constituent peoples of the sfry, deeply dissatisfied.
Following the death of tito in 1980 and the collapse of the yugoslav economy, yugoslav politics became increasingly polarized along ethnic lines. Constitution of the federal republic of yugoslavia refworld. Decisions, documents and other rulings issued by state agencies and authorized organizations in a member. In 1981, albanian students organized protests seeking to make kosovo a republic within yugoslavia. Yugoslaviaa now nonexistent countryflourished under the influential leadership of josip broz tito 18921980. Ustav socijalisticke federativne republike jugoslavije. Constitutional events in yugoslavia, 19881990 university center. Constitution of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 1963.
Bosnia and herzegovinas constitution of 1995 with amendments. The solutions adopted under the 1967, 1968 and 1971 amendments were entered into the new constitution. Although many things had taken place since the republic declared its independence and dropped the term socialist from its name, it had not managed to formally overhaul its constitution until the new constitution went into effect on 14 december 1995. Under the 1974 constitution, each of the six republics of slovenia, croatia, bosnia and herzegovina, serbia, montenegro, and macedonia, as well as the two autonomous provinces of kosovo and vojvodina, which. Why yugoslavia failed by dejan guzina could yugoslavia have been kept from breaking up by a different form of federal system. The emergence of the kla 15 iv the political situation in the federal republic of yugoslavia fry19 v the military opponents 21 a. Secession and constitutional law in the former yugoslavia berment at the behest of the axis forces in 1941. Although many things had taken place since the republic declared its independence and dropped the term socialist from its name, it had not managed to formally overhaul. When yugoslavia broke up in 19911992, several republics declared their independence as separate states goldstein and pevenhouse, 2010, p. In 1963, amid pervasive liberal constitutional reforms, the name socialist federal republic of yugoslavia was.
Religious communities shall be separated from the state and shall be free in. The decisions, papers and other documents issued by state organs and authorized. A serious crisis has engulfed not only the political and economic arenas, but. It is very interesting to note that the right to secession is the first sentence in the constitution of yugoslavia 1974. All education is to be marxist in its orientation and serve yugoslav economic and social objectives. The 1974 yugoslav constitution upgraded serbs to a. Arhiv jugoslavije the constitution of the sfry, february. Bosnia and herzegovinas constitution of 1995 with amendments through 2009. On june 25, 1991 the yugoslav republics of slovenia 2.
Before tito came into power, yugoslavia experienced a variety of governmental. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia. Yugoslavia as history twice there was a country second edition yugoslavia as history is the. Constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 21 feb. Tito died in 1980, and tensions between serbs and ethnic albanians within kosovo intensified. It was prompted by yet another attempt of the communist old guard, led by tito and his most trusted ideological ally, edvard kardelj, to solve the twin problems of the early 1970s. Includes text of a report on the final draft of the constitution by mijalko todorovic, president of the federal assembly and chairman of its joint constitutional commission. Request this item to view in the librarys reading rooms using your library card. From the croatian crisis to the 1974 constitution 305 from halfmarket to contractual economy 315 foreign policy and the debt crisis, 19791985 321. The implementation of the yugoslav constitution of 1974 turned the country into an.
In 1980, however, tito died, and yugoslavia was gradually driven to its end gow 1992, jelavich 1983. Instead, the proposal adamantly defended the principle of consensus and the rights to selfdetermination established in the 1974 constitution. They perceived the granting of autonomy to kosovo and. The republic of kosovo is an independent, sovereign, democratic, unique and indivisible state.
Facts the powder keg of europe again has a short fuse as the permanence of yugoslavia is threatened by civil war. The federal republic of yugoslavia shall be founded on the rule of law. In a solemn manner, we approve the constitution of the republic of kosovo. Author lacroix, annelaurence title rights of the child in the federal republic of yugoslavia. The communists did not found the states recreation on ethnic and language ties. Pdf version ambassador toon met with assistant secretary of defense ellsworth to discuss u. Institution world organisation against torture omct, geneva. Constitutions of yugoslavia yugoslav law 1974 in yugoslavia 1974 documents february 1974 events in europe 1974 in politics 1974 in law. The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia, february 21. Despite the reference to the dissolution of yugoslavia in the declaration of independence, kosovo is an example of unilateral secession from serbia. Arhiv jugoslavije the constitution of the sfry, february 21. Religious communities shall be separated from the state and shall be free in the. In 1974 yugoslavia promulgated its third postwar constitution.
In the ambiguity surrounding the kosovo problem, hardliners organized a putsch in serbias communist party in 1987, bringing the most conservative. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia pdf. The constitution of the socialist federative republic of yugoslavia, february 21, 1974 the constitution was promulgated at the session of the council of nationalities of the federal assembly. The 1974 yugoslav constitution was the fourth and final constitution of the socialist federal republic of yugoslavia. The federal constitution of 1974 introduced significant changes to the internal organization of the sfry, decentralizing key areas of governance. It provides a balanced understanding of the common hopes and fears which held its ethnic mosaic together, and the ethnic con. Kosovo after the collapse of the former yugoslavia. Constitution of socialist federal republic of yugoslavia 1974 related portals.
The peculiar feature of the document was the presence of many references to europe and the european community with the absence of any references to yugoslavia. Independence and constitutional referendums around the. Independence and constitutional referendums around the world. Yugoslavias national assembly passes amendments allowing serbia to change its constitution. Secession and constitutional law in the former yugoslavia. Was the kosovo crisis an ethnic conflict or a religious conflict. In 1945, king peter ii was officially deposed, with the state reorganized as a republic, and accordingly renamed federal peoples republic of yugoslavia fpr yugoslavia or fpry, with the constitution coming into force in 1946. Twentyfive percent of serbs were left outside the fry, the first time this had happened since the first yugoslav state had been created after world war i sekelj, 2000. The constitution of the socialist federal republic of.
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